Pathology

for Dental Students

Study questions: Cardiovascular diseases

Answers are here.

1.All of the following are major risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis EXCEPT:

A.Male gender.

B.Increasing age.

C.Genetic abnormalities.

D.Cigarette smoking.

E.Diabetes insipidus.

2.How long can cardiac myocytes survive after arterial circulatory interruption?

A.Three minutes.

B.Ten minutes.

C.Forty minutes.

D.Sixty minutes.

E.Ninety minutes.

3.A myocardial infarct shows advanced phagocytosis by histiocytes of dead myocytes plus early

          granulation tissue. How long ago did it most likely occur?

A.12-24 hours.

B.1-3 days.

C.3-7 days.

D.7-10 days.

E.10-14 days.

4.An abdominal atherosclerotic aneurysm corresponds to which one of the following choices?

A.Fusiform aneurysm.

B.Saccular aneurysm.

C.Mycotic aneurysm.

D.Dissecting aneurysm.

E.False aneurysm.

5.All of the following are features of tetralogy of Fallot EXCEPT:

A.Pulmonary stenosis.

B.Double inlet mitral valve.

C.Right ventricular hypertrophy.

D.Over-riding aorta.

E.Ventricular septal defect.

6.All of the following are features of untreated acute bacterial endocarditis EXCEPT:

A.Fever, chills, weakness.

B.Embolic complications.

C.Low-virulence organism.

D.May affect previously normal valve.

E.High mortality rate.

7.Which of the following is a known cause of dilated cardiomyopathy?

A.Syphilis

B.Rheumatic fever

C.Infective endocarditis

D.Hypertension

E.Ethanol abuse

8.Coronary heart disease (ischemic heart disease) in adults is due to:

A.Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries

B.Thrombosis of coronary arteries

C.Both

D.Neither

9.Atherosclerosis

A.Is due to aging

B.Is not a cause of aneurysms

C.Both

D.Neither

10.Young patients with small ventricular septal defects have:

A.A right to left shunt

B.Valvular stenosis

C.Both

D.Neither

11.Patients with coarctation of the aorta have:

A.A right to left shunt

B.A left to right shunt

C.A superiorly displaced infundibular septum

D.Cyanosis and low blood pressure in the lower extremities

12.Congestive heart failure may result from

A.Myocardial infarction

B.Infective endocarditis

C.Post-rheumatic mitral stenosis

D.All of above

E.None of above

13.Most cases of aortic valvular stenosis in adults are due to age-related calcific changes in the valve.

A.True

B.False

14.Increased risk for infective endocarditis occurs in all except

A.Prosthetic valves

B.Congenital heart disease

C.Rheumatic heart disease

D.I.V. drug abuse

E.Dilated cardiomyopathy

15.Calcific aortic stenosis may occur on:

A.A congenitally bicuspid aortic valve

B.A normal, tricuspid aortic valve

C.Both

D.Neither

16.The stage of atherosclerosis most likely to be associated with complications is:

A.Complex granuloma

B.Vulnerable plaque

C.Fatty streak

D.Fibrous plaque

17.Which of the following is true of mitral valve prolapse:

A.The valve leaflets are stiff and unmoving

B.Most patients are symptomatic

C.It is an extremely rare disorder

D.The affected valves show myxoid changes

18.Prolapse of the mitral valve may cause

A.Increased risk of infective endocarditis

B.Valvular insufficiency

C.Both

D.Neither

19.Pure left-sided heart failure causes

A.Hepatomegaly

B.Peripheral edema

C.Both

D.Neither

20.All are true of abdominal aortic aneurysms EXCEPT:

A.They may rupture

B.May cause thromboemboli to travel to legs

C.They are not associated with atherosclerosis

D.They may be associated with cystic medial degeneration of the aortic wall

21.The cardiac manifestations of systemic hypertension include all except

A.Congestive heart failure

B.Myocardial hypertrophy

C.Insufficiency of aortic valve

D.Coronary artery disease

22.A left to right shunt may occur

A.In coarctation of the aorta

B.In acyanotic congenital heart disease

C.Both

D.Neither

23.Which of the following is the LEAST common type of cardiovascular disease in adults in the U.S.?

A.Rheumatic heart disease

B.Atherosclerotic heart disease

C.Viral heart disease

D.Hypertensive heart disease

24.Healing of uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction is characterized by

A.Inflammation and repair

B.Regeneration of myocardial muscle

C.Both

D.Neither

25.Results of coronary heart disease (ischemic heart disease) without anatomic evidence of myocardial            disease may include:

A.Myocardial infarction

B.Sudden cardiac death

C.Both

D.Neither

26.Which of the following is often present in aortic dissection?

A.Congenital heart disease

B.Hypertension

C.Infective endocarditis

D.Cardiomyopathy

E.Cystic fibrosis

27.Right sided heart failure can act on the kidneys to produce fluid retention.

A.True

B.False

28.Cor pulmonale frequently includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A.Right ventricular failure

B.Right ventricular infarction

C.Right ventricular dilatation

D.Right ventricular hypertrophy

29.Risk factors associated with ischemic heart disease include:

A.Diabetes mellitus

B.Hyperlipidemia

C.Both

D.Neither

30.Which of the following is/are true regarding infectious endocarditis?

A.May follow a dental procedure

B.May produce septic emboli

C.Both

D.Neither

31.Sudden cardiac death may be the first symptom of coronary heart disease.

A.True

B.False